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      叶尘
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            <h1 style="display: none">EL表达式</h1>
            
            <div class="markdown-body">
              <h3 id="一、第一章EL工具包介绍"><a href="#一、第一章EL工具包介绍" class="headerlink" title="一、第一章EL工具包介绍"></a>一、第一章EL工具包介绍</h3><ul>
<li>由 Java 技术开发的一个 jar 包。</li>
<li>作用是降低 JSP 文件开发时 Java 命令的开发强度。</li>
<li>Tomcat 服务器本身自带了 EL 工具包，位置是 <code>D:\Environmental\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-9.0.41\lib\el-api.jar</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="二、传统-JSP-文件主要的开发步骤"><a href="#二、传统-JSP-文件主要的开发步骤" class="headerlink" title="二、传统 JSP 文件主要的开发步骤"></a>二、传统 JSP 文件主要的开发步骤</h3><ul>
<li>第一步：从指定的作用域对象中读取处理结果。</li>
<li>第二步：将得到的数据进行类型的强转。</li>
<li>第三步：将转换后的数据写入响应体中，进行输出。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight jsp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jsp">&lt;!--第一步：从指定的作用域对象中读取处理结果。--&gt;<br>&lt;%<br>	<span class="hljs-comment">// 第二步：将得到的数据进行类型的强转。</span><br>	String value = (String) request.getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key&quot;</span>);<br>%&gt;<br>&lt;!--第三步：将转换后的数据写入响应体中，进行输出。--&gt;<br>value是：&lt;%=value%&gt;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="三、EL-表达式"><a href="#三、EL-表达式" class="headerlink" title="三、EL 表达式"></a>三、EL 表达式</h3><ol>
<li>命令格式：  <code>$&#123;作用域对象别名.共享数据名&#125;</code></li>
<li>命令作用：  <ul>
<li>EL 表达式是 EL 工具包提供一种<strong>特殊命令格式</strong>【表达式命令格式】。</li>
<li>EL 表达式在 JSP 文件上使用。</li>
<li>负责在 JSP 文件上从作用域对象读取指定的共享数据并输出到响应体。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="四、EL-表达式作用域对象别名"><a href="#四、EL-表达式作用域对象别名" class="headerlink" title="四、EL 表达式作用域对象别名"></a>四、EL 表达式作用域对象别名</h3><p><strong>JSP 文件中可以使用的作用域对象：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>ServletContext application</code>（<strong>全局作用域对象</strong>）</li>
<li><code>HttpSession session</code>（<strong>会话作用域对象</strong>）</li>
<li><code>HttpServletRequest request</code>（<strong>请求作用域对象</strong>）</li>
<li><code>PageContext pageContext</code>（<strong>当前页作用域对象</strong>）</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>当前页作用域对象，这是JSP文件独有的作用域对象。Servlet 中不存在。</p>
</li>
<li><p>在当前页作用域对象存放的共享数据 <strong>仅能在当前JSP文件中使用</strong> ，不能共享给其他Servlet或则其他JSP文件。</p>
</li>
<li><p>真实开发过程，主要用于 <code>JSTL</code> 标签与 JSP 文件之间数据共享数据。<br> <code>JSTL-------&gt;pageContext----&gt;JSP</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>EL 表达式中作用域对象的别名</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">作用域对象</th>
<th align="center">别名</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">application</td>
<td align="center">applicationScope</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">session</td>
<td align="center">sessionScope</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">request</td>
<td align="center">requestScope</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">pageContext</td>
<td align="center">pageScope</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="五、EL表达式将引用对象属性写入到响应体"><a href="#五、EL表达式将引用对象属性写入到响应体" class="headerlink" title="五、EL表达式将引用对象属性写入到响应体"></a>五、EL表达式将引用对象属性写入到响应体</h3><ol>
<li><p><strong>命令格式：</strong> <code>$&#123;作用域对象别名.共享数据名.属性名&#125;</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>命令作用：</strong> 从作用域对象读取指定共享数据关联的引用对象的属性值。并自动将属性的结果写入到响应体</p>
</li>
<li><p>EL 表达式没有提供遍历集合方法，因此无法从作用域对象读取集合内容输出。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="六、EL表达式简化版"><a href="#六、EL表达式简化版" class="headerlink" title="六、EL表达式简化版"></a>六、EL表达式简化版</h3><ol>
<li><p><strong>命令格式：</strong> <code>$&#123;共享数据名&#125;</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>命令作用：</strong> EL表达式允许开发人员开发时<strong>省略作用域对象别名</strong>。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>工作原理：</strong></p>
<p>首先到【<code>pageContext</code>】定位共享数据，如果存在直接读取输出并结束执行。</p>
<p>如果在【pageContext】没有定位成功，到【<code>request</code>】定位共享数据，如果存在直接读取输出并结束执行。</p>
<p>如果在【request】没有定位成功，到【<code>session</code>】定位共享数据，如果存在直接读取输出并结束执行。</p>
<p>如果在【session】没有定位成功，到【<code>application</code>】定位共享数据，如果存在直接读取输出并结束执行。</p>
<p>如果在【application】没有定位成功，返回<code>null</code>。</p>
<p><code>pageContext---&gt;request---&gt;session---&gt;application</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>存在隐患：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>容易降低程序执行速度【南辕北辙】</li>
<li>容易导致数据定位错误</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>应用场景：</strong>   设计目的，就是<strong>简化从 pageContext 读取共享数据</strong>并输出难度。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>EL表达式简化版尽管存在很多隐患，但是在实际开发过程中，开发人员为了节省时间，一般都使用简化版，拒绝使用标准版。</strong></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="七、EL表达式—–支持运算表达式"><a href="#七、EL表达式—–支持运算表达式" class="headerlink" title="七、EL表达式—–支持运算表达式"></a>七、EL表达式—–支持运算表达式</h3><p><strong>在 JSP 文件有时需要将读取共享数据进行一番运算之后，将运算结果写入到响应体。</strong></p>
<p>==运算表达式：==</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>数学运算：</strong></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">// OneServlet.java</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">@WebServlet(name = &quot;OneServlet&quot;, urlPatterns = &quot;/one&quot;)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">OneServlet</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">HttpServlet</span> </span>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span><br>    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doGet</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> ServletException, IOException </span>&#123;<br>        ServletContext application = request.getServletContext();<br>        application.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key1&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;25&quot;</span>);<br>        application.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key2&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;10&quot;</span>);<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">// 请求转发</span><br>        request.getRequestDispatcher(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/index_1.jsp&quot;</span>).forward(request, response);<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight jsp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jsp">&lt;!--index_1.jsp--&gt;<br>&lt;%@ page contentType=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;text/html;charset=UTF-8&quot;</span> language=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;java&quot;</span> %&gt;<br>&lt;html&gt;<br>&lt;head&gt;<br>    &lt;title&gt;Title&lt;/title&gt;<br>&lt;/head&gt;<br>&lt;body&gt;<br>&lt;!--出现了 “+” ，会自动将其他类型转换为 数字类型--&gt;<br>两数之和为：$&#123;key1 + key2&#125;<br>&lt;/body&gt;<br>&lt;/html&gt;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li><strong>关系运算：</strong></li>
</ol>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">关系运算符</th>
<th align="center">EL 表达式中的代号</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">&gt;</td>
<td align="center">gt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">&gt;=</td>
<td align="center">ge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">&lt;</td>
<td align="center">lt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">&lt;=</td>
<td align="center">le</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">==</td>
<td align="center">eq</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">!=</td>
<td align="center">!=</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>逻辑运算：</strong>  &amp;&amp;   ||    ！</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="八、EL表达式提供内置对象"><a href="#八、EL表达式提供内置对象" class="headerlink" title="八、EL表达式提供内置对象"></a>八、EL表达式提供内置对象</h3><ul>
<li><p>==<strong>命令格式: ${param.请求参数名}</strong>==</p>
<p>命令作用：通过请求对象读取当前其请求包中的请求参数内容，并将请求参数内容写入到相应体中。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight jsp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jsp">index.jsp<br>&lt;!--发送请求：  Http:<span class="hljs-comment">//localhost:8080/myWeb/index.jsp?userName=mike&amp;password=123--&gt;</span><br>userName=$&#123;param.userName&#125;<br>password=$&#123;param.password&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><p>==<strong>命令格式：${paramValues.请求参数名[下标]}</strong>==</p>
<p>命令作用：如果浏览器发送的请求参数是<strong>一个请求参数关联多个值</strong>，此时可以通过<code>paramVaues</code> 读取请求参数下指定位置的值并写入到响应体。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight jsp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jsp">index.jsp<br>&lt;!--http:<span class="hljs-comment">//localhost:8080/myWeb/index_2.jsp?pageNo=1&amp;pageNo=2&amp;pageNo=3--&gt;</span><br>pageNo01=$&#123;paramValues.pageNo[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]&#125;&lt;!--输出：pageNo01=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>--&gt;<br>pageNo02=$&#123;paramValues.pageNo[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]&#125;&lt;!--输出：pageNo02=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>--&gt;<br>pageNo03=$&#123;paramValues.pageNo[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]&#125;&lt;!--输出：pageNo03=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>--&gt;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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